In cases where the family no longer has parents, DNA testing of grandparents, uncles, siblings, and relatives is an alternative option to determine blood relationships.
Results return time after only 6 hours – 1 day
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DNA testing is a DNA testing method to determine the blood relationship between relatives such as: aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, cousins. This is an indirect testing method when parents or grandparents are not present.
Depending on each family and specific case, analysis will be performed on the Y chromosome or mitochondrial DNA.
Based on the laws of genetics, there are 3 types of tests as follows:
Paternal DNA testing according to Y chromosome to determine blood relationship – 
Grandfather – grandson
Uncle – nephew
paternal brother
In principle, all males in the paternal lineage, originating from the same father, have the same set of genes on the Y chromosome. The inheritance pattern of the Y chromosome is straight. Therefore, the set of genes remains the same through many generations (except when mutations occur).
Therefore, DNA analysis on the Y chromosome (Y-STR) of males in the paternal line can determine kinship relationships such as: DNA testing between uncles and nephews, DNA testing between uncles and nephews, and cousins.
In females, the pair of chromosomes that determines sex is XX, in which one X chromosome is received from the father (paternal line), one X chromosome is received from the mother (maternal line). Analyzing the DNA on the X chromosome of sisters can determine their blood relationship.
Grandmother – granddaughter
Sister – half-sister
Paternal DNA testing based on mitochondrial DNA to determine relationships:
Uncle/Aunt (mother’s brother/sister)
My nephew, niece, aunt’s children…
In addition to the nuclear genome, there is also an extranuclear genome located in the mitochondria that exists in the cell, so it is called mitochondrial DNA. Because mitochondrial DNA is only found in the cytoplasm, it is only passed down the maternal line to people such as: grandmother, mother, aunt, cousins, siblings. Therefore, analyzing mitochondrial DNA can determine their blood relationship along the maternal line.
Step 1: Consult about service package.
Relative DNA testing cases are often more complicated, not all cases can be performed. Therefore, to better understand and choose the appropriate testing package, you should contact the center for specific advice.
Step 2: Fill in the test request information and proceed to collect the sample.
After consulting and choosing the appropriate service package, the customer fills out the test request form. The center collects samples (if doing administrative testing) or the customer can collect samples at home and send them to the center (if doing voluntary DNA testing).
There are many types of samples that can be used for testing such as:
Note: For legal administrative DNA testing, the sample commonly used is blood or oral mucosa and is collected directly by the center’s staff.
Step 3: Check the sample and send it to the testing center for analysis.
The collected samples are transferred to the center for DNA extraction and analysis.
Step 4: Return results.
Customers can choose to receive results online, go to the center to receive results or have results sent home.
DNA testing determines relationships by Y or X chromosome lineage
Y chromosome test Using the AmpFLSTR_Y filer kit – AppliedBiosystems (USA) with 99.99998% accuracy, this test analyzes the relationship: Grandfather-grandson, Uncle/Nephew, Paternal brother. Paternal grandmother/niece, Paternal sister.
| Time to Return Result | Cost per Sample | Cost for 3rd Sample |
| 02 days | 2,000,000 VND | 2,000,000 VND |
| 01 day | 3,000,000 VND | 2,000,000 VND |
DNA testing determines maternal lineage
Maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA test, this test analyzes the relationship: Uncle/Aunt (mother’s siblings) – Nephew, Uncle’s/Aunt’s siblings.
| Time to Return Result | Cost per Sample | Cost for 3rd Sample |
| 07 days | 2,500,000 VND | 2,000,000 VND |
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